JOHN DONNE
(1572-1631)
created by Savino Carrella

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The last decade of the sixteenth century also, in the poems of John Donne, a new and very style of verse.
Donne, born in 1573, one of the keenest and most powerful intellects of the time, but his early manhood was largely in dissipation, though he studied theology and and seems to have seen service. It was during this that he wrote his love poems.
Then, while living with his wife and in uncertain dependence on noble patrons, he turned to poetry. At last he entered the Church, became famous as one of the most preachers of the time, and through the of King James was rapidly promoted he was made Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral. He died in 1631 after having furnished a instance of the fantastic morbidness of the period (post-Elizabethan) by having his painted as he stood wrapped in his
shroud on a urn.
The distinguishing general characteristic of Donne's poetry is the combination of an aggressive intellectuality with the form and spirit. On many readers Donne's verse exercises a attraction. Its definite peculiarities are outstanding: 1. By a process of exaggeration and minute elaboration Donne carries the Elizabethan conceits almost to the possible limit. 2. He the material of his figures of speech from unpoetical sources--partly from the activities of every-day life, but from all the sciences and school-knowledge of the time. The material is , but Donne gives it full poetic picturesqueness. Thus he speaks of one spirit overtaking another death as one bullet shot out of a may overtake another which has lesser velocity but was earlier . It was because of this characteristic that Dr. Johnson to Donne and his followers the clumsy name of 'Metaphysical' (Philosophical) poets. 'Fantastic' would have been a better . 3. In vigorous reaction against the sometimes nerveless melody of most poets Donne often makes his verse as ruggedly condensed (often as ) and as harsh as possible. 4. In his love he often emphasizes the English of independence, taking as a favorite theme the incredible fickleness of .
(adapted from "A History of English Literature" by Robert Huntington Fletcher)